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XR-2209
...the analog plus company TM
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
June 1997-3
FEATURES D Excellent Temperature Stability (20ppm/C) D Linear Frequency Sweep D Wide Sweep Range (1000:1 Minimum) D Wide Supply Voltage Range (+4V to +13V) D Low Supply Sensitivity (0.1% /V) D Wide Frequency Range (0.01Hz to 1MHz) D Simultaneous Triangle and Squarewave Outputs GENERAL DESCRIPTION The XR-2209 is a monolithic voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) integrated circuit featuring excellent frequency stability and a wide tuning range. The circuit provides simultaneous triangle and squarewave outputs over a frequency range of 0.01Hz to 1MHz. It is ideally suited for FM, FSK, and sweep or tone generation, as well as for
APPLICATIONS D Voltage and Current-to-Frequency Conversion D Stable Phase-Locked Loop D Waveform Generation Triangle, Sawtooth, Pulse, Squarewave D FM and Sweep Generation
phase-locked loop applications. The oscillator of the XR-2209 has a typical drift specification of 20ppm/C. The oscillator frequency can be linearly swept over a 1000:1 range with an external control voltage.
ORDERING INFORMATION Part No.
XR-2209CN XR-2209M XR-2209CP
Package
8 Lead 300 Mil CDIP 8 Lead 300 Mil CDIP 8 Lead 300 Mil PDIP
Operating Temperature Range
0 to +70C -55C to +125C 0C to +70C
BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCC 1 2 VCO C2 3 A2 6 Timing Resistor R 4 VEE BIAS 5 A1 8 7 TWO SWO Triangle Wave Out Square Wave Out
Timing Capacitor
C1
Figure 1. XR-2209 Block Diagram
Rev. 2.02
E1975
EXAR Corporation, 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 z 1
(510) 688-7000 z FAX (510) 688-7017
XR-2209
PIN CONFIGURATION
VCC C1 C2 TR
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5
TWO SWO VEE BIAS
8 Lead PDIP, CDIP (0.300")
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Symbol VCC C1 C2 TR BIAS VEE SWO TWO O O I I I I Type Description Positive Power Supply. Timing Capacitor Input. Timing Capacitor Input. Timing Resistor. Bias Input for Single Supply Operation. Negative Power Supply. Square Wave Output Signal. Triangle Wave Output Signal.
Rev. 2.02 2
XR-2209
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: Test Circuit of Figure 3 and Figure 4, VCC = 12V, TA = +25C, C = 5000pF, R = 20kW, RL = 4.7kW, S1 and S2 Closed Unless Otherwise Specified
XR-2209M Parameters General Characteristics Supply Voltage Single Supply Split Supplies Supply Current Single Supply Split Supplies Positive Negative 8 "4 5 26 "13 7 8 "4 5 26 "13 8 V V mA See Figure 3 Figure 4 Min. Typ. Max. Min. XR-2209C Typ. Max. Units Conditions
Figure 3 Measured at Pin 1, S1, S2 Open Figure 4 Measured at Pin 1, S1, S2 Open Measured at Pin 4, S1, S2 Open
C = 500pF, R = 2KW C = 50mF, R = 2MW
5 4
7 6
5 4
8 7
mA mA
Oscillator Section - Frequency Characteristics Upper Frequency Limit Lowest Practical Frequency Frequency Accuracy Frequency Stability Temperature Power Supply Sweep Range Sweep Linearity 10:1 Sweep 1000:1 Sweep FM Distortion Recommended Range of Timing Resistor Impedance at Timing Pins Output Characteristics Triangle Output Amplitude Impedance DC Level Linearity Squarewave Output Amplitude Saturation Voltage Rise Time Fall Time Measured at Pin 8 4 6 10 +100 0.1 12 0.2 200 20 4 6 10 +100 0.1 12 0.2 200 20 Vpp W mV % Vpp V nsec nsec Referenced to Pin 6 From 10% to 90% of Swing Measured at Pin 7, S2 Closed 11 11 0.4 0.4 Referenced to Pin 6 CL 10pF, RL = 4.7K CL 10pF 1.5 75 1000: 1 0.5 1.0 0.01 "1 20 0.15 3000:1 "3 50 0.5 1.0 0.01 "1 30 0.15 1000: 1 2 1.5 5 0.1 2000 1.5 75 2000 "5 MHz Hz % of fo ppm/ C %/V fH/fL 0C < TA < 70C
R = 1.5 KW for fH R = 2MW for fL fH = 10kHz, fL= 1kHz fH = 100kHz, fL= 100Hz +10% FM Deviation See Characteristic Curves Measured at Pin 4
1 5 0.1
% % % kW W
Notes Bold face parameters are covered by production test and guaranteed over operating temperature range.
Specifications are subject to change without notice
Rev. 2.02 3
XR-2209
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26V Power Dissipation (package limitation) Ceramic package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750mW Derate above +25C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10mW/C Plastic package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600mW Derate above +25C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8mW/C SOIC package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300mW Derate above +25C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4mW/C Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . -65C to +150C
VCC Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1
Q14 Q13
Q15 2R R R
Q5 R Q19 R1 Q6 Q7 Q8 R
8
Triangle Wave Output
Timing Capacitor
2 3
Q12 R3 Q9 Q10 Q11
2R
R2 4
Timing Resistor
4R
R4 VEE 6
R5
R6
R7 7
Q20
Q21 Q27
Q22 5 BIAS Q23
Q24
Q25
Q26
Figure 2. Equivalent Schematic Diagram
Rev. 2.02 4
A
Square Wave Output
XR-2209
PRECAUTIONS SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The following precautions should be observed when operating the XR-2209 family of integrated circuits: 1. Pulling excessive current from the timing terminals will adversely affect the temperature stability of the circuit. To minimize this disturbance, it is recommended that the total current drawn from pin 4 be limited to 6mA. In addition, permanent damage to the device may occur if the total timing current exceeds 10mA. Terminals 2, 3, and 4 have very low internal impedance and should, therefore, be protected from accidental shorting to ground or the supply voltage.
The XR-2209 functional blocks are shown in the block diagram given in Figure 1. They are a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), and two buffer amplifiers for triangle and squarewave outputs. Figure 2 is a simplified XR-2209 schematic diagram that shows the circuit in greater detail. The VCO is a modified emitter-coupled current controlled multivibrator. Its oscillation is inversely proportional to the value of the timing capacitor connected to pins 2 and 3, and directly proportional to the total timing current IT. This current is determined by the resistor that is connected from the timing terminals (pin 4) to ground. The triangle output buffer has a low impedance output (10W typ.) while the squarewave is an open-collector type. An external bias input allows the XR-2209 to be used in either single or split supply applications.
2.
VCC VCC S2
I+ 1mF 1 2 VCC C1
C
RL
3 C2 SWO TWO 7 8 5 5.1K Square Wave Output Triangle Wave Output VCC
XR-2209
BIAS TR 4 IR S1 VEE 6
5.1K 1mF
Figure 3. Test Circuit for Single Supply Operation
Rev. 2.02 5
XR-2209
VCC VCC S2
I+ 1mF 1 2 VCC C 1
C RL 3 C2 SWO TWO 7 8 5 Square Wave Output Triangle Wave Output
XR-2209
BIAS VEE 6
TR 4
D1 10K 1mF VEE
R S1 VEE
I1mF
Figure 4. Test Circuit for Split Supply Operation
OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS Supply Voltage (Pins 1 and 6) The XR-2209 is designed to operate over a power supply range of $4V to $13V for split supplies, or 8V to 26V for single supplies. Figure 5 shows the permissible supply voltage for operation with unequal split supply voltages. Figure 6 and Figure 7 show supply current versus supply voltage. Performance is optimum for $6V split supply, or 12V single supply operation. At higher supply voltages, the frequency sweep range is reduced. Ground (Pin 6) For split supply operation, this pin serves as circuit ground. For single supply operation, pin 6 should be ac grounded through a 1mF bypass capacitor. During split supply operation, a ground current of 2 IT flows out of this terminal, where IT is the total timing current.
Rev. 2.02 6
Bias for Single Supply (Pin 5) For single supply operation, pin 5 should be externally biased to a potential between VCC/3 and VCC/2V (see Figure 3.) The bias current at pin 5 is nominally 5% of the total oscillation timing current, IT. Bypass Capacitors The recommended value for bypass capacitors is 1mF although larger values are required for very low frequency operation. Timing Resistor (Pin 4) The timing resistor determines the total timing current, IT, available to charge the timing capacitor. Values for the timing resistor can range from 2kW to 2MW; however, for optimum temperature and power supply stability, recommended values are 4kW to 200kW (see Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11.) To avoid parasitic pick up, timing resistor leads should be kept as short as possible.
XR-2209
Timing Capacitor (Pins 2 and 3) The oscillator frequency is inversely proportional to the timing capacitor, C. The minimum capacitance value is limited by stray capacitances and the maximum value by
25 20 Positive Supply 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 Negative Supply (V)
physical size and leakage current considerations. Recommended values range from 100pF to 100mF. The capacitor should be non-polarized.
Typical Operating Range
Figure 5. Operating Range for Unequal Split Supply Voltages
35 Positive Supply Current (mA) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
+4 8
Figure 6. Positive Supply Current, I+ (Measured at Pin 1) vs. Supply Voltage
Rev. 2.02 7
IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII
RT=Parallel Combination of Activated Timing Resistors TA=25C RT=2k RT=3k RT=5k RT=20k RT=200k RT=2M +6 +8 +10 +12 10 12 14 Single Supply Voltage (V)
+14
16 18 20 22 24 26 28
XR-2209
15 Negative Supply Current (mA)
10
5
0
Frequency Error (%)
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7
Figure 9. Frequency Accuracy vs. Timing Resistance
Rev. 2.02 8
IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII
TA= 25C 0 6 8 10 12 Split Supply Voltage (V) 7 6 5 4 1K
TA= 25C 1M Total Timing Resistor RT
100k Timing Resistor Range 10k
1k 0 +4V +8V +12V +16V Split Supply Voltage (V)
14 0 8
16 24 Single Supply Voltage (V)
32
Figure 7. Negative Supply Current, I- (Measured at Pin 6) vs. Supply Voltage
Figure 8. Recommended Timing Resistor Value vs. Power Supply Voltage
VS = 6V C = 5000pF
10K
100K
1M
10M
Timing Resistance ()
XR-2209
1.04 Normalized Frequency Drift RT = 2M 1.02 1.00 RT = 20k RT = 200k
.98
.96
.94 .92
T A = 25C RT = Total Timing Resistance C = 5000pF 2 4
RT = 2k
6 8 10 12 Split Supply Voltage (V) 12 16 20 24
14
4
8
28
Single Supply Voltage (V)
Figure 10. Frequency Drift vs. Supply Voltage
+2 Normalized Frequency Drift (%)
VS = 6V C = 5000pF 200k 2M
+1 4k 0 20k -1 200k 2k
20k 4k
R = 2k -2 2M -3 -50 -25 0 +25 +50 +75 +100 +125 Temperature (C)
Figure 11. Normalized Frequency Drift with Temperature
Squarewave Output (Pin 7) The squarewave output at pin 7 is an "open-collector" stage capable of sinking up to 20mA of load current. RL serves as a pull-up load resistor for this output. Recommended values for RL range from 1kW to 100kW.
Rev. 2.02 9
Triangle Output (Pin 8) The output at pin 8 is a triangle wave with a peak swing of approximately one-half of the total supply voltage. Pin 8 has a 10W output impedance and is internally protected against short circuits.
XR-2209
MODES OF OPERATION Split Supply Operation
Figure 12 is the recommended configuration for split supply operation. Diode D1 in the figure assures that the triangle output swing at pin 8 is symmetrical about ground. The circuit operates with supply voltages ranging from $4V to $13V. Minimum drift occurs with $6V supplies. For operation with unequal supply voltages, see Figure 5.
With the generalized circuit of Figure 12, the frequency of
operation is determined by the timing capacitor, C, and the timing resistor. The squarewave output is obtained at pin 7 and has a peak-to-peak voltage swing equal to the supply voltages. This output is an "open-collector" type and requires an external pull-up load resistor (nominally 5kW) to the positive supply. The triangle waveform obtained at pin 8 is centered about ground and has a peak amplitude of VCC/2.
VCC
VCC
C 1mF 1 VCC C1 2 C2 3 SWO TWO BIAS TR 4 VEE 6 10K 1mF VEE 7 8 5 RL Square Wave Output Triangle Wave Output
XR-2209
D1
R 1mF VEE
Figure 12. Split-Supply Operation, Recommended Configuration
Rev. 2.02 10
XR-2209
Figure 13 is a simplified configuration for operation with split supplies in excess of +7V. This circuit eliminates the diode D1 used in Figure 12 by grounding pin 5 directly;
however, the triangle wave output now has a +0.6V DC offset with respect to ground.
VCC
VCC
C 1mF 1 2 VCC C1 3 C 2 SWO 7 8 TWO XR-2209 5 BIAS VEE 6 VEE R 1mF VEE RL Square Wave Output Triangle Wave Output
TR 4
Figure 13. Split-Supply Operation, Simplified Configuration
Rev. 2.02 11
XR-2209
VCC VCC
C 1mF 1 2 VCC C1 3 C 2 SWO 7 8 TWO XR-2209 5 BIAS VEE 6 5.1K 1mF RL Square Wave Output Triangle Wave Output 5.1K TR 4 VCC
R
Figure 14. Single Supply Operation
Single Supply Operation The circuit should be interconnected as shown in Figure 14 for single supply operation. Pin 6 should be grounded, and pin 5 biased from VCC through a resistive divider to a value of bias voltage between VCC/3 and VCC/2. The frequency of operation is determined by the timing capacitor C and the timing resistor R, and is equal to 1/RC. The squarewave output is obtained at pin 7 and has a peak-to-peak voltage swing equal to the supply voltage. This output is an "open-collector" type and requires an external pull-up load resistor (nominally 5kW) to V+. The triangle waveform obtained at pin 8 is centered about a voltage level VO where:
Frequency Control (Sweep and FM) - Split Supply The circuit given in Figure 15 shows a frequency sweep method for split supply operation. The frequency of operation is controlled by varying the total timing current, IT, drawn from the activated timing pin 4. The timing current can be modulated by applying a control voltage, VC, to the timing pin through a series resistor R. As the control voltage becomes more negative, both the total timing current, IT, and the oscillation frequency increase. The frequency of operation, is now proportional to the control voltage, VC, and determined as:
VO + VB ) 0.6V
where VB is the bias voltage at pin 5. The peak-to-peak output swing of triangle wave is approximately equal to VCC/2.
f+ 1 RC
1)
V CR R CVEE
Hz
Rev. 2.02 12
XR-2209
If R = 2MW, RC = 2kW, C = 5000pF, then a 1000:1 frequency sweep would result for a negative sweep voltage VC VEE. The voltage to frequency conversion gain, K, is controlled by the series resistance RC and can be expressed as: 1 K + Df + Hz V DV C RCCVEE frequency is given as:
f+ 1 RC
V 1) R 1 - C RC VT
where VT = Vpin4 ~ Vbias + 0.7V. This equation is valid from VC = 0V where RC is in parallel with R and IT is maximum to:
The circuit of Figure 15 can operate both with positive and negative values of control voltage. However, for positive values of VC with small (RC/R) ratio, the direction of the timing current IT is reversed and the oscillations will stop. Frequency Control (Sweep and FM) - Single Supply The circuit given in Figure 16 shows the frequency sweep method for single supply operation. Here, the oscillation
VCC
VC + VT
1)
RC R
where IT = 0 and oscillation ceases.
Caution: Total timing current IT must be less than 6mA over the frequency control range.
VCC
C 1mF 1 2 VCC TC1 3 TC2 RL 7 8 5 Square Wave Output Triangle Wave Output
SWO TWO BIAS
XR-2209
T4 4 IT VEE 6
VEE
IO
IC R RC 1mF
VC VEE VC+ Sweep or FM Voltage
VC-
Figure 15. Frequency Sweep Operation, Split Supply
Rev. 2.02 13
XR-2209
VCC
VCC
C 1mF 1 2 VEE C 1 3 C 2 SWO TWO BIAS T4 4 VEE 6 1mF 3.9K RL 7 8 5 Vbias Square Wave Output Triangle Wave Output 5.1K VCC
XR-2209
R
RC VC VC+ Sweep or FM Voltage
VC-
Figure 16. Frequency Sweep Operation, Single Supply
Rev. 2.02 14
XR-2209
8 LEAD PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE (300 MIL PDIP)
Rev. 1.00
8 1 D A L
5 4 E1 E A2 A1
Seating Plane
eA eB
C
B
e
B1
INCHES SYMBOL A A1 A2 B B1 C D E E1 e eA eB L MIN 0.145 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.030 0.008 0.348 0.300 0.240 MAX 0.210 0.070 0.195 0.024 0.070 0.014 0.430 0.325 0.280
MILLIMETERS MIN 3.68 0.38 2.92 0.36 0.76 0.20 8.84 7.62 6.10 MAX 5.33 1.78 4.95 0.56 1.78 0.38 10.92 8.26 7.11
0.100 BSC 0.300 BSC 0.310 0.115 0 0.430 0.160 15
2.54 BSC 7.62 BSC 7.87 2.92 0 10.92 4.06 15
Note: The control dimension is the inch column
Rev. 2.02 15
XR-2209
8 LEAD CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE (300 MIL CDIP)
Rev. 1.00
8
5
1
4
E D Base Plane Seating Plane L e B B1 c A1 A E1
INCHES SYMBOL A A1 B B1 c D E1 E e L MIN 0.100 0.015 0.014 0.045 0.008 0.305 0.250 MAX 0.200 0.060 0.026 0.065 0.018 0.405 0.310
MILLIMETERS MIN 2.54 0.38 0.36 1.14 0.20 7.75 6.35 MAX 5.08 1.52 0.66 1.65 0.46 10.29 7.87
0.300 BSC 0.100 BSC 0.125 0.200
7.62 BSC 2.54 BSC 3.18 5.08 15
0 15 0 Note: The control dimension is the inch column
Rev. 2.02 16
XR-2209 Notes
Rev. 2.02 17
XR-2209 Notes
Rev. 2.02 18
XR-2209 Notes
Rev. 2.02 19
XR-2209
NOTICE EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to improve design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained herein are only for illustration purposes and may vary depending upon a user's specific application. While the information in this publication has been carefully checked; no responsibility, however, is assumed for inaccuracies. EXAR Corporation does not recommend the use of any of its products in life support applications where the failure or malfunction of the product can reasonably be expected to cause failure of the life support system or to significantly affect its safety or effectiveness. Products are not authorized for use in such applications unless EXAR Corporation receives, in writing, assurances to its satisfaction that: (a) the risk of injury or damage has been minimized; (b) the user assumes all such risks; (c) potential liability of EXAR Corporation is adequately protected under the circumstances. Copyright 1975 EXAR Corporation Datasheet June1997 Reproduction, in part or whole, without the prior written consent of EXAR Corporation is prohibited.
Rev. 2.02 20

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